ʶҹ¡ÒóìÊØ¢ÀÒ¾áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅéÍÁ : »Õ·Õè 6 ©ºÑº·Õè 6 ¾.È.2544
¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ìÃÐËÇèÒ§¡êÒ«àô͹ ã¹·ÕèÍÂÙèÍÒÈÑ áÅÐÁÐàÃ移ʹ
¼È.´Ã.¹¾.¾§Èìà·¾ ÇÔÇÃø¹Ðà´ª LL.B, M.D., Ph.D.
ÀÒ¤ÇÔªÒàǪÈÒʵÃìªØÁª¹ ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÃì ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕ§ãËÁè ¨.àªÕ§ãËÁè
E-mail: pwiwata@mail.med.cmu.ac.th

âäÁÐàÃç§ à»ç¹ÊÒà˵ءÒõÒÂÍѹ´Ñºµé¹æ ¢Í§¤¹ä·ÂÁÒà»ç¹àÇÅÒ¹Ò¹ ¨Ò¡Ê¶ÔµÔ¾ºÇèÒ ÁÐàÃ移ʹà»ç¹ÊÒà˵ءÒõÒÂÍѹ´ÑºÊͧ Ãͧ¨Ò¡ÁÐàÃ秵Ѻ1 áÅÐàÁ×èÍᡵÒÁÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤µèÒ§æ áÅéÇ ¾ºÇèÒ ÁÕÍØºÑµÔ¡Òóì¢Í§âäÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÀÒ¤à˹×Í â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ ÍØºÑµÔ¡Òóìã¹à¾ÈË­Ô§ ¶×Íä´éÇèÒÍÂÙèã¹Íѹ´Ñºµé¹æ ¢Í§âÅ¡ (37.4 µèÍáʹ»ÃЪҡà ËÅѧ¨Ò¡·Õè»ÃѺÁҵðҹµÒÁÍÒÂØáÅéÇ)2 ÊÓËÃѺʶԵÔ㹨ѧËÇÑ´àªÕ§ãËÁè ¾ºÇèÒ ÁÕÍØºÑµÔ¡Òóìà©ÅÕè¢ͧÁÐàÃ移ʹÃÒÂ»Õ ÃÐËÇèÒ§ ¾.È.2531 ¶Ö§ 2534 (ÀÒÂËÅѧ¨Ò¡·Õèä´é»ÃѺÁҵðҹ µÒÁÍÒÂØáÅéÇ) ã¹à¾ÈªÒ ¤×Í 49.8 µèÍáʹ áÅÐà¾ÈË­Ô§ ¤×Í 37.4 µèÍáʹ3 àÁ×è;ԨÒóÒÃÒÂÍÓàÀÍ ¾ºÇèÒ ÍØºÑµÔ¡Òóì¢Í§âä ¾ºÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´·ÕèÍÓàÀÍÊÒÃÀÕ áÅоº¹éÍ·ÕèÊØ´·ÕèÍÓàÀͨÍÁ·Í§

1. ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹ÁÒ áÅФÇÒÁÊӤѭ¢Í§»Ñ­ËÒ

áÁéÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹·Õè·ÃÒº¡Ñ¹´ÕáÅéÇÇèÒ ¡ÒÃÊÙººØËÃÕèà»ç¹ÊÒà˵ØËÅÑ¡ ¢Í§ÁÐàÃ移ʹ áµè¡ÅѺäÁ辺ÇèÒ à»ç¹»Ñ¨¨Ñ·ÕèÊӤѭ㹨ѧËÇÑ´àªÕ§ãËÁè4 ÊÒà˵ØÍ×è¹·ÕèÊӤѭ ä´éá¡è ¡ÒÃËÒÂã¨àÍÒ¡êÒ«àô͹ ·ÕèÍÂÙèã¹ÊÀÒ¾·Õèà»ç¹ÊÒáÑÁÁѹµÃѧÊÕ à¢éÒä»ã¹»Í´ «Öè§¾ºÇèÒ à»ç¹ÊÒà˵ءÒõÒ¢ͧÁÐàÃ移ʹ ã¹ÊËÃѰÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò »ÕÅÐ 5,000 ¶Ö§ 20,000 ÃÒÂ5 áÅÐà»ç¹ÊÒà˵آͧ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´âäÁÐàÃ移ʹ Íѹ´ÑºÊͧ Ãͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÙººØËÃÕè6 ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÇÑ´ÃдѺàô͹㹻ÃÐà·Èä·Â ã¹ËÅÒÂæ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´·ÑèÇ»ÃÐà·È µÑé§áµè»Õ ¾.È.2536 à»ç¹µé¹ÁÒ ¾ºÇèÒ ÁÕ¤èÒÃÐËÇèÒ§ 1 ¶Ö§ 1,974 Becquerels/m3 (Bq-m-3)-7 áÅÐà»ç¹·Õè¹èÒÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´·ÕèÍÂÙèã¹á¶ºÀÒ¤à˹×Í ÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÃѧÊÕÍÂÙèã¹ÃдѺ·ÕèÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ ¨§ËÇÑ´Í×è¹æ (¤èÒà©ÅÕè ± ¤èÒàºÕè§ູÁҵðҹ ä´éá¡è 54.12±42.69, 32.41±21.14 áÅÐ 18.69±12.87 Bq-m-3 㹨ѧËÇÑ´µÒ¡ ÅÓ»Ò§ áÅÐá¾Ãè µÒÁÅӴѺ)8,9 ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¹Õé µéͧ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒËһѨ¨ÑÂàÊÕè§µèÒ§æ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ÃдѺ¢Í§¡êÒ«àô͹ ã¹·ÕèÍÂÙèÍÒÈÑ¢ͧ¼Ùé»èÇÂÁÐàÃ移ʹ ·Õè¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕ¹äÇé¡ÑºË¹èÇÂÁÐàÃç§ ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÃì áÅÐÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙèã¹ÍÓàÀÍÊÒÃÀÕ à»ÃÕºà·Õº¡Ñº¡ÅØèÁ¤Çº¤ØÁ ·Ñé§ÍÓàÀÍÊÒÃÀÕ áÅÐÍÓàÀͨÍÁ·Í§ «Öè§ÁÕÍØºÑµÔ¡Òóì¢Í§âäÁÐàÃ移ʹµèÓ·ÕèÊØ´ ã¹µ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´àªÕ§ãËÁè Íѹ¨Ð¹Óä»ÊÙèÁҵáÒà ¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹âäÁÐàÃ移ʹµèÍä»

2. àô͹ áÅÐÁÐàÃ移ʹ

àô͹-222 à»ç¹¡êÒ«·ÕèÍÂÙèã¹ÊÀÒ¾ à»ç¹ÊÒáÑÁÁѹµÃѧÊÕ·ÕèäÁèÁÕ¡ÅÔè¹ äÁèÁÕÃÊ áÅÐÁͧäÁèàËç¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§äÁèÊÒÁÒöµÃǨ¨Ñºä´é ´éÇ»ÃÐÊÒ·ÊÑÁ¼ÑʢͧÁ¹ØÉÂì ÊÒÁÒö¾ºä´éµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ Íѹà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÅÒµÑǢͧáÃè¸ÍàÃÕÂÁ (tholium) áÅÐÂÙàÃà¹ÕÂÁ (uranium) «Öè§à»ç¹áÃè·ÕèÊÒÁÒö¾ºä´é 㹪Ñé¹ËÔ¹ áÅдԹ·ÑèÇä» ÂÙàùÕÂÁ-238 à»ç¹µÑÇàÃÔèÁµé¹ ¢Í§¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃᵡÊÅÒ â´Â¨ÐᵡµÑÇà»ç¹ àÃà´ÕÂÁ-226 «Ö觨ÐᵡµÑǵèÍä»à»ç¹ ¡êÒ«àô͹-222 áÅÐÊÅÒµÑǵèÍä» à»ç¹ÊÒáÑÁÁѹÃѧÊÕÍ×è¹æ ä´éÍÕ¡ ·ÕèÊӤѭ ä´éá¡è â»âÅà¹ÕÂÁ-218 áÅÐâ»âÅà¹ÕÂÁ-214 â´ÂÁÕ¤èÒ¤ÃÖ觪ÕÇÔµ 3.82 Çѹ «Öè§àÁ×èÍÊÅÒµÑÇáÅéÇ ¨ÐãËéÃѧÊÕÍÑÅ¿èÒ áÅж×ÍÇèÒà»ç¹µÑǵé¹à˵طÕèÊӤѭ ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃ移ʹã¹Á¹ØÉÂì ¡ÒÃÊÅÒµÑǨÐÊÔé¹ÊØ´ àÁ×èÍ¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹µÐ¡ÑèÇ -206 ´Ñ§áÊ´§ã¹µÒÃÒ§·Õè 110

µÒÃÒ§·Õè 1 áÊ´§ª×èÍäÍâ«â·» áÅФèÒ¤ÃÖ觪ÕÇÔµ
ª×èÍäÍâ«â·» ª×èÍà´ÔÁ·ÕèàÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ã¹Í´Õµ ¤èÒ¤ÃÖ觪ÕÇÔµ
U-228 Uranium I 4.47x109 »Õ
Th-234 Uranium X1 24.1 Çѹ
Pa-234m Uranium X2 1.17 ¹Ò·Õ
U-234 Uranium II 244,500 »Õ
Th-230 Ionium 75,000 »Õ
Ra-226 Radium 1,600 »Õ
Rn-222 Radon 3.82 Çѹ
Po-218 Radium A 3.11 ¹Ò·Õ
Pb-214 Radium B 26.8 ¹Ò·Õ
Bi-214 Radium C 19.8 ¹Ò·Õ
Po-214 Radium C' 1.6x10-4 ÇÔ¹Ò·Õ
Pb-210 Radium D 22.3 »Õ
Bi-210 Radium E 5.01 Çѹ
Po-210 Radium F 138 Çѹ
Pb-206 Radium G ¤§µÑÇ
·ÕèÁÒ : EPA Document # 402-k93-008, 2001.

ÊÓËÃѺ¡Åä¡ã¹¡ÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§¹Ñé¹ à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡Ò÷ÕèÁ¹ØÉÂìËÒÂ㨠àÍÒ¡êÒ«àô͹à¢éÒä» «Ö觨ÐÊÅÒµÑÇà»ç¹ â»âÅà¹ÕÂÁ-214 ´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ ÊÒ÷Ñé§Êͧà»ç¹ÊÒ÷ÕèÁÕÊÀÒ¾à»ç¹¢Í§á¢ç§ áÅÐÊÒÁÒö¨Ñºº¹¼ÔǢͧ͹ØÀÒ¤½Øè¹ÅÐÍͧ ·ÕèàÃÒËÒÂã¨à¢éÒä»ä´é ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¨Ö§äÁèÊÒÁÒöà¢éÒ份ѧµÑÇ ã¹Ãкº·Ò§à´Ô¹ËÒÂã¨ä´éã¹·Ø¡ÃдѺ ¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ ÃѧÊÕÍÑÅ¿èÒ¾Åѧ§Ò¹ÊÙ§ ·Õè¶Ù¡»Å´»ÅèÍÂÍÍ¡ÁÒ ¨Ð·ÐÅØ·ÐÅǧ ·ÓÅÒÂà«ÅÅì·ÕèÍÂÙèâ´ÂÃͺ ä´éâ´ÂµÃ§ â´ÂÊѹ¹ÔɰҹÇèÒ ÃѧÊÕ·Õè·ÓÅÒªÑé¹ epithelium ¢Í§ËÅÍ´ÅÁ»Í´ (bronchi) à»ç¹¨Ø´àÃÔèÁµé¹¢Í§¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ áÁéÇèÒàô͹ÁÑ¡·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ ¢Í§Ãкº·Ò§à´Ô¹ËÒÂã¨Êèǹº¹ áµè¾ºÇèÒ ÊÒÁÒö·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§·Õè»Í´ä´éËÅÒª¹Ô´ àªè¹ small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, áÅÐ squamous cell caarcinoma ËÅÑ¡°Ò¹ªÔé¹ÊӤѭ¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ç¹ÁÐàÃ移ʹ Íѹà¹×èͧÁÒ¨Ò¡¡êÒ«àô͹ ä´é¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§ÃкҴÇÔ·ÂÒ ¢Í§¤¹§Ò¹àËÁ×ͧáÃè ËÅÒ¾ѹ¤¹·ÑèÇâÅ¡ â´ÂãªéÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÇèÒ 50 »Õ «Öè§ÊÍ´¤Åéͧ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ã¹¡ÅØèÁ»ÃЪҡõèÒ§æ ã¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ áÅдéÇÂÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·ÕèµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ÅéǹáÅéÇáµèãËé¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¡ÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§·ÕèµÃ§¡Ñ¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡àô͹¨Ðà»ç¹»Ñ¨¨ÑÂàÊÕè§â´ÂµÃ§ µèÍ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃ移ʹáÅéÇ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ㹤¹§Ò¹·ÓàËÁ×ͧ Âѧ¾ºÇèÒ µÑÇá»ÃÍ×è¹æ àªè¹ ÍÒÂØ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¡ÒÃÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅҹѺµÑé§áµèàÃÔèÁÊÑÁ¼ÑÊ áÅСÒÃÊÙººØËÃÕè ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃ移ʹ´éÇ â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ ¡ÒÃÊÙººØËÃÕè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁ¤ÇÒÁàÊÕè§ ¢Í§¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃç§ à»ç¹ËÅÒÂà·èÒµÑÇ

ã¹ »Õ ¤.È.1988 ͧ¤ì¡ÃÃÐËÇèÒ§»ÃÐà·È à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÇÔ¨ÑÂâäÁÐàÃç§ (International Agency for Research on Cancer) áËè§Í§¤ì¡ÒÃ͹ÒÁÑÂâÅ¡ ä´é¨Ñ´»ÃЪØÁ¼ÙéàªÕèÂǪҭ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ áÅÐä´é¢éÍÊÃØ»à»ç¹àÍ¡©Ñ¹·ìÇèÒ ÁÕËÅÑ¡°Ò¹á¹èªÑ´ Â×¹Âѹä´éÇèÒ àô͹à»ç¹ÊÒáèÍÁÐàÃç§ã¹Á¹ØÉÂì áÅÐÊѵÇì àªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¡ÒûÃЪØÁ¹Ñ¡ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì ªÑé¹¹Ó·ÑèÇâÅ¡ «Ö觨Ѵâ´Â National Academic of Sciences, International Commission on Radiological Protection áÅÐ National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement ä´éÊÃØ»ÇèÒ àô͹à»ç¹ÊÒà˵آͧâäÁÐàÃ移ʹã¹Á¹ØÉÂì

3. ¡ÒÃÇÑ´»ÃÔÁÒ³ÃѧÊÕ ¨Ò¡¡êÒ«àô͹ã¹ÍÒ¤ÒÃ11

â´Â·ÑèÇä» ¡êÒ«àô͹·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ãµé¾×é¹´Ô¹ ¨Ð«ÖÁ¼èÒ¹µÒÁÃÍÂᵡ¢Í§ÍÒ¤Òà à¢éÒÊÙèÀÒÂã¹ÍÒ¤ÒúéÒ¹àÃ×͹ Êèǹ¹éÍ·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ÇÑÊ´Ø¡èÍÊÃéÒ§ áÅйéÓ´×èÁ¹éÓãªé ·Õèä´é¨Ò¡¹éÓãµé´Ô¹ ·ÕèÁÕ¡Òû¹à»×é͹áÃèÂÙàÃà¹ÕÂÁ â´Â»¡µÔáÅéÇ ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´¡êÒ«àô͹ ÁÑ¡¨Ð¤§·Õè ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ÃдѺàô͹ã¹ÍÒ¤Òà ¨Ö§¢Ö鹡Ѻ¡ÒÃÃкÒÂÍÒ¡ÒÈ ÀÒÂ㹺éÒ¹ÇèÒ ´Õà¾Õ§㴠ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¨ÑÂËÅÒªÔ鹺觺͡ÇèÒ ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¢Í§ÃдѺàô͹㹺éÒ¹ ÊèǹãË­èà¡Ô´¨Ò¡ ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¢Í§ ÍѵÃÒ«ÖÁ¼èÒ¹¢Í§àô͹à¢éÒÁÒã¹ÍÒ¤Òà ͧ¤ì¡ÒþԷѡÉìÊÔè§áÇ´ÅéÍÁ ä´éá¹Ð¹ÓÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃÇÑ´»ÃÔÁÒ³ÃѧÊÕ ¨Ò¡¡êÒ«àô͹ã¹ÍÒ¤Òà äÇéËÅÒ»ÃÐàÀ· áÅÐä´é¾Ñ²¹Ò¤ÙèÁ×Í¢Öé¹ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Device Protocols â´Âä´éàʹÍá¹ÐÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃäÇé 7 Ẻ ä´éá¡è

  • Continuous Radon Monitors (CR)
  • Alpha Track Detectors (AT or ATD)
  • Electret Ion Chamber Radon Detectors (EC or ES, EL)
  • Activated Charcoal Adsorption Devices (AC)
  • Charcoal Liquid Scintillation Devices (LS)
  • Grab Radon Sampling (GB, GC, GS) Techniques
  • Unfiltered Track Detectors (UT)

ÇÔ¸Õ·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¹Õé ä´éá¡è Activated Charcoal Adsorption Devices (AC) â´ÂÍØ»¡Ã³ì·Õèãªé㹡ÒÃà¡çºµÑÇÍÂèÒ§ÍÒ¡ÒÈ ä´éá¡è µÅѺ¼§¶èÒ¹ (activated charcoal canister) «Öè§à»ç¹ÃÙ»·Ã§¡Ãк͡ ÁÕ½Ò»Ô´ÁÔ´ªÔ´ ÁÕ¢¹Ò´àÊé¹¼èÒÈÙ¹Âì¡ÅÒ§ 6-10 «Á. ÊÙ§ 2.5 «Á. ºÃèؼ§¶èÒ¹·Õèä´é¡ÃеØé¹áÅéÇ (activated charcoal) »ÃÐÁÒ³ 25-100 ¡ÃÑÁ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡à»Ô´½ÒãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÑÁ¼ÑÊÍÒ¡ÒÈ »ÃÐÁÒ³ 72 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ¡ç·Ó¡ÒûԴ½Ò áÅéÇÊè§ä»·Ó¡ÒõÃǨÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì

4. ÃٻẺ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇԨѤÃÑé§¹Õé à»ç¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒàªÔ§ÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìẺÂé͹ËÅѧ (Case-Control Study) â´ÂÁÕ¡ÅØèÁµÑÇÍÂèÒ§ ä´éá¡è ¡ÅØèÁ¼Ùé»èÇÂÁÐàÃ移ʹ ·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙèã¹ÍÓàÀÍÊÒÃÀÕ áÅÐä´é¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕ¹äÇé¡ÑºË¹èÇÂÁÐàÃç§ ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÃì ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕ§ãËÁè ÃÐËÇèÒ§ »Õ ¾.È.2536 ¶Ö§ 2541 ·Ñé§ÂѧÁÕªÕÇÔµÍÂÙè áÅÐàÊÕªÕÇÔµä»áÅéÇ ¨Ó¹Ç¹ 201 ¤¹ áÅÐ¡ÅØèÁ¤Çº¤ØÁ ã¹ 2 ÍÓàÀÍ ä´éá¡è ¼Ùé·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙèã¹ÍÓàÀÍÊÒÃÀÕ ·ÕèäÁèà»ç¹âäÁÐàÃ移ʹ ÍÂÙè㹺ÃÔàdz·Õèã¡Åéà¤Õ§¡Ñ¹¼Ùé»èÇ áÅÐÁÕÍÒÂØã¡Åéà¤Õ§¡Ñ¹ ¨Ó¹Ç¹ 225 ¤¹ áÅмÙé·ÕèÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙèã¹ÍÓàÀͨÍÁ·Í§ â´ÂÁÕÍÒÂØÍÂÙè㹪èǧà´ÕÂǡѹ¼Ùé»èÇ ÍÕ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ 193 ¤¹ ¡ÅØèÁ¤Çº¤ØÁ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ä´éÃѺ¡ÒöèÒÂÀÒ¾ÃѧÊÕ·Ãǧ͡ ³ âç¾ÂÒºÒŪØÁª¹ à¾×èͤѴàÍÒ¼Ùé·ÕèÁռŠ¡ÒÃÍèÒ¹¿ÔÅìÁà¢éÒä´é ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¨à¢éÒä´Ñ¡ÑºâäÁÐàÃ移ʹ ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ㹡ÒÃà¡çº¢éÍÁÙÅ µÑé§áµèÇѹ·Õè 23 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2543 ¶Ö§Çѹ·Õè 18 ¾ÄȨԡÒ¹ 2543

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  1. ¡ÒÃà¡çºµÑÇÍÂèÒ§ÍÒ¡ÒÈ㹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÃÑé§¹Õé à¡çºà¾Õ§¤ÃÑé§à´ÕÂÇ ¹èÒ¨Ðä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ¢Í§ÃдѺ¡êÒ«àô͹µÒÁÄ´Ù¡ÒÅ´éÇ ÃÇÁ·Ñ駤ÇÃÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÃдѺ¡êÒ«àô͹·ÕèÅÐÅÒÂã¹¹éÓãµé´Ô¹ à¾ÃÒлÃЪҪ¹ÊèǹãË­è Âѧ¹ÔÂÁºÃÔâÀ¤¹éÓºèÍ ËÃ×͹éÓºÒ´ÒÅÍÂÙèà»ç¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ·Ñé§¹Õé à¾×èÍÈÖ¡ÉÒÇèÒ àô͹㹹éÓ´×èÁ ¨Ðà»ç¹»Ñ¨¨ÑÂàÊÕè§µèÍ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÁÐàÃ移ʹËÃ×ÍäÁè «Ö觨Ðà»ç¹»ÃÐ⪹ì㹡ÒÃËÒẺ¨ÓÅͧ ·Õèã¡Åéà¤Õ§¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¨ÃÔ§ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹
  2. »Ñ¨¨Ñ·ҧÊÔè§áÇ´ÅéÍÁÍ×è¹æ ·ÕèÍÒ¨à»ç¹»Ñ¨¨ÑÂàÊÕè§ àªè¹ ÃдѺ½Øè¹·Ñé§ã¹ áÅй͡·ÕèÍÂÙèÍÒÈÑ (Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter) ÃдѺÊÒà Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) à»ç¹µé¹ ¤ÇèÐä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉҤǺ¤Ùèä»´éÇ à¾×èÍ»ÃÐ⪹ì㹡ÒÃËÒÁҵáÒûéͧ¡Ñ¹ ·Õèä´é¼Å´ÕÂÔè§¢Öé¹ä»
  3. ¤ÇÃÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹´éÒ¹¡ÒèѴ¡ÒäÇÒÁàÊÕè§ (Risk Management) à¾×èÍËÒÃٻẺ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ áÅÐà»ç¹ä»ä´éÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ 㹡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹âäÁÐàÃ移ʹ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃä´éÃѺ¡êÒ«àô͹

àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍéÒ§ÍÔ§

  1. Health Information Division, Bureau of Health Policy and Planning. Cancer deaths and cancer mortality rates (per 100,000) in Thailand categorized by genders 1995-1997. Available: http://www.moph.go.th/ops/bhpp/Ne.htm (April 2,2000).
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  3. Nakachi K, Limtrakul P, Sonklin P, et al. Risk factors for lung cancers among northern Thai women: epidemiological, nutritional, serological, and bacteriological surveys of residents in high- and low-incidence areas. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:1187-95.
  4. Simarak S, de Jong UW, Breslow N, Dahl CJ, Ruckphaopunt K, Scheelings P, Maclennan R. Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx/laarynx and lung in North Thailand: case-control study and analysis of cigar smoke. Br J Cancer 1977; 36:130-40.
  5. Bodansky D. Overview of he indoor radon problm. In: Bodansky D, Robkin MA, Stadler DR, eds. Indoor radon and its hazards. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987:1-16.
  6. EPA Document # 402-K92-001. A citizen's guide to radon (2nd edition). Office od Air and Radiation. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/citguide.html (January 15, 2001).
  7. Charoenngan P, Jaiyen W, Itthipoonthanakorn T, Changmuang W, Piladang V. Bovornkitti S. Indoor radon in Phang-nga Province, Thailand. J Environ Med 2000; 2:17-21.
  8. Tansurat B, Satchachai A, Polpong P, Bovornkitti S. A survey of indoor radon in Lampang Province. Siriraj Hosp Gaz 1998; 50:311-8.
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  10. EPA Document # 402-K93-008. A physician's guide-radon : the health tr\hreat with a simple solution. Office of Air and Radiation. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/physic.html (January 19, 2001).
  11. EPA. Indoor radon and radon decay product measurement device protocols. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/radon/pubs/devprot.html (January 19, 2001).

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